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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">INFEDU</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Informatics in Education</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2335-8971</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">1648-5831</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>VU</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">INFEDU_2024_1_15</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15388/infedu.2024.15</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pedagogical framework for cultivating children's data agency and creative abilities in the age of AI</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kahila</surname>
            <given-names>Juho</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:juho.kahila@uef.fi">juho.kahila@uef.fi</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_000"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_000">School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vartiainen</surname>
            <given-names>Henriikka</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:henriikka.vartiainen@uef.fi">henriikka.vartiainen@uef.fi</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_001">School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tedre</surname>
            <given-names>Matti</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:matti.tedre@uef.fi">matti.tedre@uef.fi</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_002"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_002">School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arkko</surname>
            <given-names>Eetu</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:eetuark@student.uef.fi">eetuark@student.uef.fi</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_003"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_003">School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lin</surname>
            <given-names>Anssi</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:anssilin@student.uef.fi">anssilin@student.uef.fi</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_004"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_004">School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pope</surname>
            <given-names>Nicolas</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:nicolas.pope@uef.fi">nicolas.pope@uef.fi</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_005"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_005">School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jormanainen</surname>
            <given-names>Ilkka</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:ilkka.jormanainen@uef.fi">ilkka.jormanainen@uef.fi</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_006"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_006">School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Valtonen</surname>
            <given-names>Teemu</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:teemu.valtonen@uef.fi">teemu.valtonen@uef.fi</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_007"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_007">School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland</aff>
      </contrib-group>
     <volume>23</volume>
	  <issue>2</issue>
	  <fpage>323</fpage>
	  <lpage>360</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>Vilnius University</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Open access article under the CC BY license.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) topics into K–12 school curricula is a relatively new but crucial challenge faced by education systems worldwide. Attempts to address this challenge are hindered by a serious lack of curriculum materials and tools to aid teachers in teaching AI. This article introduces the theoretical foundations and design principles for implementing co-design projects in AI education, empirically tested in 12 Finnish classrooms. The article describes a project where 4th- and 7th-graders (N = 213) explored the basics of AI by creating their own AI-driven applications. Additionally, a framework for distributed scaffolding is presented, aiming to foster children's agency, understanding, creativity, and ethical awareness in the age of AI.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd>
        <kwd>machine learning</kwd>
        <kwd>sociocultural theory</kwd>
        <kwd>data agency</kwd>
        <kwd>participatory learning</kwd>
        <kwd>curriculum co-design</kwd>
        <kwd>distributed scaffolding</kwd>
        <kwd>design-oriented pedagogy</kwd>
        <kwd>pedagogy</kwd>
        <kwd>K–12</kwd>
        <kwd>schoolchildren</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
